How to Figure out Hybridization, Shape, Paramagnetism and Magnetic Moment in a Complex

Orbital hybridization is the perception of mixing atomic orbitals (AO) to form new hybrid orbitals fit for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory (VBT).


New hybrid orbitals have different energies, shapes, etc. than the component AOs.

Can we establish the hybridization of the transition metal atom/ion in a complex, shape (geometry) of the complex, the paramagnetic (or diamagnetic) behavior of the complex (and spin-only magnetic moment, µs)? Let’s find it out for the following complexes!

[Ni(Cl)4]2─, [Ni(CN)4]2─, Ni(CO)4

Solution infographics:





Click/tap to enlarge the images

SFL = Strong-field ligand, WFL = Weak-field ligand, CN = Coordination number

How is it❓ Let Chemaficionado know in the comments below or at mychemistryhomework@gmail.com❗

References:

(1)    Spectrochemical series. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrochemical_series.

(2)    Wikipedia Contributors. Orbital hybridisation. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation.‌

(3)    Wikipedia Contributors. Paramagnetism. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramagnetism.

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